Apr 12, 2018 modernization theory is subject to criticism originating among socialist and freemarket ideologies, worldsystems theorists, globalization theory and dependency theory among others. Difference between modernization theory and dependency theory. The basic assumption of this theory, in any of its versions, is that there is one gen. Dependency theory and its close relative, world system theory, emphasized the role of external relationships in the developmental process. The endogenous explanation is a modernization theory. Modernization theory is a theory used to explain the process of modernization that a nation goes through as it transitions from a traditional society to a modern one. Pdf development and modernization theory handout perin.
Modernization theory is a grand theory encompassing many different disciplines as it seeks to explain how society progresses, what variables affect that progress, and how societies can react to that progress. Page 1 of 11 modernisation and dependency are theories which specify the. Dependency theory is a popular theory within the social sciences to explain economic development of states. The name and concept of development is a bone of contention for many scholars on the globe, mainly following the second world war. However, the way modernization theory suggests for. The dependency theory is an important tool for understanding latin americas relative underdevelopment. First, the dependency theory is a characterization of the international system as comprising of a dominant and a dependent state, where the dominant states are the industrialized nations belonging to the oecd organization for economic cooperation and development, and the dependent states are the states of latin america, africa, and asia. In such a way, unlike modernization theory, dependency theory does not view the choice in favor of western way of development as the panacea from all problems or as a conscious choice that is really supported by the population and elite of developing countries but such westernization of developing countries is viewed as a violent interference of developed countries in the life of the third world. Many developed countries have huge inequalities and the greater the level of inequality the greater the degree of. The use of the term development to refer to national economic growth emerged in the united states beginning in the 1940s and in association with a key american foreign policy concern. Chapter iii a theory of underdevelopment in sociology.
Modernisation theory development and underdevelopment. A critique of modernization and dependency theories in africa. In these days of increasing globalization, which appears as an unstoppable and relentless process, structuralist. This theory also, addressed such issues as poverty and economic underdevelopment throughout the world. Modernisation theory advanced country dependency theory historical structure international economic order these keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. Modernization theory oxford research encyclopedia of.
Modernization theory both attempts to identify the social variables that contribute to social progress and development of societies and seeks to explain the process of social evolution. A selfinstruction music theory practical theory complete a selfinstruction music theory course pdf difference between modernization theory and dependency theory a theorist who argued two set of assumption theory x and theory y a theorist who argued two set of. Modernization theory stresses not only the process of change but also the responses to that change. Modernisation theory practical theory complete a selfinstruction music theory course answers practical theory complete. Dependency can be defined as an explanation of the economic development of a state in terms of. The dependency theory, believed that the global north exploits the global south. Poor nations provide natural resources, cheap labor, a place for obsolete technology, and markets for developed nations. Modernization or dependency 72 95 modernization theory and underdevelopment dependency theory and underdevelopment dependency in a specific historical context.
In this respect, it is possible to refer to modernization theory and dependency. It is a central contention of dependency theory that poor states are impoverished and rich ones enriched by the way poor states are integrated. Modernization, dependency, rural underdevelopment, african renaissance. The discourse pins hope on the african renaissance theory of development. Modernization, modernization theory and its criticism. Pseudointellectualism of the dependency theorist made manifest in the walter rodneys how europe. Its main tenet is that the periphery of the international economy is being economically exploited drained. Modernisation theory had two major aims it attempted to explain why poorer. This article problematises the modernisation and dependency theories of development as well as well as locating the place and influence that language be it. Still, since our purpose is not the piecemeal criticism of one or another version of modernization theory but the evaluation of modernization theory itself as. Matunhu department of development studies, midlands state university, zimbabwe and published in african journal of history and culture vol.
Modernization versus dependency in the context of colonial bengal. Aug 23, 2008 the modernization theory believes that there are steps to success for every country. These theories are the modernization theory, the dependency theory and the feminist theory. Dependency theory highlights that due to colonial and postcolonial endeavors the countries at the periphery are constantly exploited by those at the core. Modernization theory explains the progress and development of technology in more stable regions of the world. Modernization theory focuses specifically on a type of modernization thought to have originated in europe during the 17th century, which brought social mores and technological achievements into a new epoch. According to valenzuela and valenzuela, the core difference between modernization and dependency theories. Frank identities three main types of neocolonialism. Africa, development theory, modernisation theory, dependency theory, structural adjustment programmes. Comparison of dependency theory with modernization theory. Development and underdevelopment in the third world. The theory developed during the late 1950s and over the following two. Huntington is alerting to the problem that some societies reach such social and. Difference between modernisation theory and dependency theory.
Modernization theory is subject to criticism originating among socialist and freemarket ideologies, worldsystems theorists, globalization theorists and dependency theorists among others. Dependency theory treats the process of subordination as harmful to the peripheral nations, while world systems theory assumes that there is the possibility of upward and downward mobility in the. Modernization theory, dependency theory and world systems. Modernization theory vs dependency theory 1227 words 5 pages. The origin of dependency theory came as an alternative to the theories of modernisation and development as formulated and. Modernization and dependency theories flashcards quizlet. It is a central dependenfy of dependency theory that poor states are impoverished and rich ones enriched by the way poor states are integrated into the world system. Modernizationtheoryanddependencytheory free download as pdf file. Dependency theory, sometimes called foreign dependency, is used to explain the failure of nonindustrialized countries to develop economically despite investments made into them from industrialized nations.
Implies that traditional values in the developing world have little value compared to those of the west. Vincent ferraro, mount holyoke college south hadley, ma july 1996 background dependency theory developed in the late 1950s under the guidance of the director of the united nations economic commission for latin america, raul prebisch. Development theory, cluster of research and theories on economic and political development. Relationships with developed countries and particularly with multinational corporations were viewed as. Modernization theory not only stresses the process of change but also the responses to that change. The main objective of this document is to synthesize the main aspects of the four major theories of development. Modernization theory says that a focus on education, technology and mass media is a major reason that developed regions pull ahead from others. Modernization consists of a gradual differentiation and specialization of social structures. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves. In this respect, it is possible to refer to modernization theory and dependency theory which, being quite different, still have certain similarities in their views on the. The discourse assesses the influence of modernization and dependency theories on africas development. Modernization and dependency theory nowadays the rapid development of the word and the growing integration of countries can hardly fail to affect the development of new theories which attempt to explain the relationship between countries and the existing inequality between developed countries and countries. Development theory has two major studies dependency and modernization theory.
It combines elements from a neomarxist theory and adopts a revolution of under developed nations model. Dependency theory highlights that due to colonial and postcolonial endeavors the countries at the periphery or else the developing countries are constantly exploited by those at the core developed countries or else wealthy countries. Dependency theory has also been associated with johan galtung s structural theory of imperialism. This theory carries a very optimistic view for traditional society to industrialize and follow the leads of western countries who have developed. Modernization theory emphasized internal factors while making an exception of science. Dawn development alternatives for a new erainfluenced, mainly, by liberal and social feminists have emerged, in part as critiques of the major theoretical approaches to development modernization theory, underdevelopment and dependency theory and neoliberalismin the third. In analysing the assets of the modernisation theories, it should be understood that this school of thought emerged in the early years of the 1950s, and began to disappear in the 1970s when belief in it started to wane. Aug 31, 2015 modernization theory and dependency theory are two development theories between which some difference can be identified. Dependency theory was very much about criticizing the western development theories that hindered the underdeveloped countries by exploiting their resources and labour force, as to develop themselves more. The hypothesis implied by this theory is that if a country develops over a longer period under dictatorship, so.
Modernization theories are recent in development and its practice was in the period 1945 1955, however the period of enlightenment throughout the 18th century can be seen as the start of portraying western ideas as above those of the third world. Yet this may not be a fair test of modernization theory. Development theory economics and political science britannica. This article provides information about the critique of modernisation theories based on the dependency theory of development. Dependency theory is more inclusive than modernization theory. Development theory and gendered approach to development. In this context, in the late 1940s, modernisation theory was developed. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site.
These attributes of modernization theory, it should be noted, are not simply remarkable parallels with earlier theories. Dependency theory dependency theory has been presented as a theory of development that improves modernisation theory reyes, 2001a. Modernization theory an overview sciencedirect topics. Sep 27, 2015 modernisation theory historical context 1940s and 50s by the end of ww2 it had become clear that despite exposure to capitalism many of the countries of the south had failed to develop. However, it does not explain on a global scale where the resources, labor and power come from to makes this development possible.
Modernization, dependency, rural underdevelopment, african. Modernization theory is subject to criticism originating among socialist and freemarket ideologies, worldsystems theorists, globalization theory and dependency theory among others. Modernisation and dependency are two theories that have their own terms for analysinginterpreting the causes of poverty and underdevelopment, and both provide different solutions in order to fix the problems. These are the principal theoretical explanations to interpret development efforts carried out especially in the developing countries.
Dependency theorists sought to explain persistent levels of under development in latin america by situating national economies within their global economic context. Modernisation and dependency repub, erasmus university. Modernization theory focuses specifically on a type of modernization thought to. Dependency theory rejects the limited national focus of modernization theory and emphasizes the importance of understanding the complexity of imperialism and its role in shaping postcolonial states. There is a notable likeness in them both but there are also many differences and neither escape criticisms. The dependency theory emerged in the 1960s but became popular in the 1970s. Sep 29, 2019 still others critique modernization theory for failing to account for the unsustainable nature of the project, in an environmental sense, and point out that premodern, traditional, and indigenous cultures typically had much more environmentally conscious and symbiotic relationships between people and the planet. These are the principal theoretical explanations to interpret. Critique of modernisation theories based on the dependency. Compare and contrast modernisation theory and dependency theory as explanations of development and under development the two theories, modernisation and dependency both give valid and just explanations for development and underdevelopment. Difference between modernization theory and dependency.
Pdf compare and contrast modernization and dependency. Consequently, the modernization, dependency and multiplicity paradigms were emerged having different approaches to. In short, dependency theory attempts to explain the present underdeveloped state of many nations in the world by examining the patterns of interactions among nations and by arguing that inequality among nations is an intrinsic part of those interactions. A critique of modernization and dependency theories in.
Definitions of modernization theory and dependency theory. Implications of the modernisation theory and the dependency theory. There are two levels of analysis in classical modernization theory. Dependency theory is premised on the fact that resources move and. They fail to understand that value systems and institutions tend to be culturespecific. Farhan ahmad faiz 2 historical background to modernization theory 1 post world war twos deepening poverty in some countries 2 ideological competition from communism 3 increasing unrest in some countries 4 the above posed a threat to capitalism, and especially the usa 5 this led to the development of. Both modernisation and dependency theory make the mistake of treating ldcs least developed countries as homogeneous i. Modernization theory studies the process of social evolution and the development of societies. A critical analysis in the changing world situation after the post 1945 era, the development of modernization theory in order to modernise the rest of the world in line with american development is interestingly significant in the history of development studies. Development theory economics and political science.
Dependency theory grew influential in latin america in the 1960s and 1970s, largely in reaction to modernisation theory and free trade policies, which originated in the west. What is the difference between modernization theory and. Modernization and dependency theory essay example graduateway. The basic assumption of this theory, in any of its versions, is that there is one general end page 157 process of which democratization is but the final stage. The foundations of modernization theory go back to the age of enlightenment, when a number. Modernization, dependency and structural adjustment. To learn about our use of cookies and how you can manage your cookie settings, please see our cookie policy. An outline and critique of competing theories by dieter nohlen, heidelberg.
The conclusion is that both theories have failed to help develop africa. Dec 01, 2016 1 modernization theory of development 1. The focus of this theory is the totality of society and social system periphery, which highlights the. Nonetheless, there are some core propositions which seem to underlie the analyses of most dependency theorists. Modernization theory studies the process of social evolution and the development of. In such a way, unlike modernization theory, dependency theory does not view the choice in favor of western way of development as the panacea from all problems or as a conscious choice that is really supported by the population and elite of developing countries but such westernization of developing countries is viewed as a violent interference. Modernizationtheoryanddependencytheory modernization. Modernization theory vs dependency theory while many theorists have numerous explanations towards underdevelopment, experts like david brooks and peter hallward have described the natural disaster in haiti to be brutally destructive primarily due to its poverty. Modernization versus dependency in the context of colonial. Dependency theory is the notion that resources flow from a periphery of poor and underdeveloped states to a core of wealthy states, enriching the latter at the expense of the former. When it comes to a solution to the problem, it is right to say that the contexts of countries are different and the solutions for their economic and development problems should be different. The central argument of this theory is that the world economic system is highly unequal in its distribution of power and resources due to. Chapter three talked about the dependency theory of development. Both theories have been presented in the following manner.
Dependency theory grew influential in latin america in the 1960s and 1970s, largely in reaction to modernisation theory and free trade policies, which originated in. Neocolonialism, modernisation and dependency springerlink. The modernization theory elaborates on two main categories of societies in world, namely the traditional and modern societies. Sep 19, 2017 secondly, modernization theory assumes that western civilisation is technically and morally superior to traditional societies. By closing this message, you are consenting to our use of cookies. The difference between modernization theory and dependency theory is that one explains how developed states operate and grow, while the other explains the exact opposite. Modernization theory describes the development of a society from a traditional society to a modern one. Modernization theory is a description and explanation of the processes of transformation from traditional or underdeveloped societies to modern societies. Latin american dependency theory global south studies, u.
Difference between modernisation theory and dependency. Modernization versus dependency in the context of colonial bengal by r1uha11ad shahidullah, b. These theoretical perspectives allow us not only to clarify concepts, to set them in. Introduction dependency theory, as a theory that purports to explain the related conditions of economic development and the lack of, and evident need for it, in the countries of the periphery, or third worlda condition that some dependistas theorists of dependency refer to as underdevelopmenthas. Poor states are impoverished and rich ones enriched due to the power distribution in the international system. Comparison and contrast between modernisation theory and dependency theory. In the words of one of the major proponents, historically, modernization is the process of change towards those types of social, economic, and political systems that have developed in. To put it more precisely, modernization and dependency theory stand on the ground that western countries are the world leaders due to their higher level of development, which affects practically all spheres of life, including economic, political, social, and even cultural life leys, 210. Society for comparative studies in society and history. Dependency theory seeks to analyze international politics by concerning itself with the existing unequal relationship among nationstates i. Dependency theory holds that the condition of underdevelopment is precisely the result of the incorporation of the third world economies into the capitalist world system which is dominated by the west and north america randall and theobald 1998, 120, hence in development studies, dependency implies a situation in which a. Compare and contrast modernisation theory and dependency. Dacca a thesis submitted to the school of graduate studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree r1aster of arts mcmaster university august, 1977.
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